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| Self teaching can be an effective alternative to group teaching | Brough 1982 |
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| Group teaching/care is more effective than individual office teaching. | Scott 1996 |
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| Patient education standards with measurable outcomes: a model for the future | Lorig 1993 |
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| Influence of context and models of education on practice in patient education. | Deccahe 1995 |
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| Interdisciplinary process improves both quality of education and medical record documentation. | Clafin 1996 |
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| Primary care, adult patient population will increase their duration of physical activity in response to physician advice. | Lewis 1993 |
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| This study supports the use of scenarios to measure asthma knowledge and specifically to assess practical knowledge of self-management of severe asthma. | Kolbe 1996 |
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| Self-management education improves knowledge in asthma patients but more importantly skills in disease management. | Boulet 1995 |
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| Self-regulation improves use of more asthma management strategies. | Clark 1994 |
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| Meta-analysis of psycheducational care in COPD. Some types of care do improve well being of COPD patients | Devine 1996 |
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| Use of home PEF monitoring and a medicine self-management plan leads to a reduction in days lost from work, acute asthma attacks , days on antibiotic therapy, physician consults and ER admissions for asthma. | Ignacio-Garcia 1995 |
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| Outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation can improve self-efficacy in participants’ ability to manage or avoid breathing difficulty. | Scherer 1996
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| A study design to evaluate various approaches to education of asthmatic adults, identifying those for whom particular approaches are most cost-effective. | Wilson 1993
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| Carefully designed asthma education for adults can improve understanding of their condition and increases motivation and confidence in controlling the condition. | Wilson, 1993
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| The more knowledge the patient has the more likely there will be compliance with medications. | Tellersel 1993
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| Peak flow measurement is a simple, inexpensive method of objectively determining airflow obstruction. | Li 1995
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| An evaluation instrument was found to be helpful in preparing COPD patient for self care at home. | Swearengen 1989 |
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| Despite minimal effect on measures of airway function, substantial changes in illness behavior and use of health care facilities can be achieved by a brief asthma education program. | Yoon 1993 |
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| Exercise is beneficial in COPD evidenced by decreased blood lactate following an exercise program. | Casaburi 1991 |
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| An exercise based pulmonary rehab program reduces dyspnea and improves endurance. | Celli 1995
Ries 1995 Cockcroft 1981 |
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| An exercise based pulmonary rehab program decreases hospitalization days | Hudson 1976 |
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| Upper extremity exercise may reduce dyspnea by a reduction in ventilatory requirements. | Couser 1993 |
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| Elderly COPD patients experience improved dyspnea and exercise endurance following an exercise program. | O’Donnell 1993 |
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| Supervised exercise at home improves dyspnea and exercise endurance and reduces blood lactate in COPD patients | Wijkstra 1996 |
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| Exercise based pulmonary rehabilitation effects on exercise endurance and life quality are effective. | Vale 1993 |
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| Every US adult should have 30 minutes of moderate exercise daily. | Pate 1995 |
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| Exercise training improves exercise tolerance and life quality in COPD patients over six months. | Goldstein 1994 |
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| Outpatient home based pulm rehab can increase quality of life of COPD patients. | Reina-Rosen baum 1997 |
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| Health education (in patients) and COPD rehabilitation. | Mackay 1996 |
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| Nutrition and COPD. Both affect the other. | Mackay 1996 |
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| Techniques for teaching nutrition to patients/families in clinical settings | Moore 1994 |
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| Relationship of malnutrition and COPD | Chapman 1995 |
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| Tobacco smoke exposure results in decreased FEV1, increased medicine use and work absence, acute episodes, and ED visits in asthmatics. | Jingal 1994 |
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| Environmental ozone concentrations over time increase the incidence of asthma and chronic bronchitis. | Abbey 1993
Cody 1992 |
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| Asthmatic symptoms are increased by higher indoor levels of microorganism and dust mites. | Bjornsson 1983 |
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| Respiratory symptoms increase in asthmatics allergic to pollens during seasonal exposure. | Boulet 1983 |
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| Use of dehumidifier reduces dust mite levels | Cabrera 1995 |
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| Peak flow monitoring is an effective means to evaluate workplace asthma symptoms and related therapy. | Moscato 1995 |
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| Exposure to environmental molds may contribute to asthma-related mortality | Targonski 1995 |
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| Occupational and ambient air pollutants con-tribute to developing asthma in nonsmokers. | Greer 1993 |
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| Relaxation techniques may reduce airway obstruction as effectively as inhaled bronchodilator in asthmatics | Lowe 1996 |
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| Relaxation therapy in asthmatic children produces a reduction in anxiety but not airflows | Vazquez 1993 |
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| Diaphragmatic breathing results in decreased respiratory rate and arterial PaCO2 and increases tidal volume and arterial PaO2. | Muller 1954
Barach 1974 Sharp 1980 Sackner 1975 |
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| Pursed lip breathing reduces respiratory rate, minute ventilation, and PaCO2 while improving oxygenation and tidal volume | Motley 1963
Mueller 1970 |
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| Lifestyle may be one of many contributors to asthma | Busse 1995 |
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| Depression is highly prevalent in COPD patients | Light 1985 |
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| Pharmacological treatment of depression improves mood and physical functioning | Borson 1992 |
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| Most patients with COPD desire end of life discussions with their physicians, few actually discuss. | Heffner 1996 |
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| Teaching end of life decisions increases completion of durable power of attorney for health care in the general population. | Rubin 1994 |
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| Teaching advance directives (AD) increases completion of DPAHC and stimulates advance care discussions between COPD patients and physicians. | Heffner 1997 |
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| Dying patients often prefer comfort care but many are treated aggressively to preserve life in the last 3 days of life. | Lynn 1997 |
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| Advice on how to incorporate discussion of AD into routine care of patients. | Carney 1997 |
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| Ethics and legal implications of AD and associated problems. | Singer 1996 |
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| How to help families deal with the impending death of loved ones. | Goetschius 1997 |
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| Discussion of types of informed consent, AD, patient preferences, and problems ADs. | Perrin 1997 |
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Hines, IL |
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Hines, IL |
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Tampa, FL |
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Seattle, WA |
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VHA DIRECTIVE 96-066, October 16,1996 |
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Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH |
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Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, Health and Human Resources |
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Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, Health and Human Resources |
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Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, Health and Human Resources |
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